Amundsen-Scott is a U.S. Antarctic research station at the South Pole that has been in operation since 1956.
It was built for scientific purposes. Most scientists there work in the field of gravitational-wave astronomy; the low temperature and low humidity of the polar air, combined with an elevation of over 2,743 meters, provide much greater atmospheric clarity than elsewhere on the planet, and the months of darkness allow sensitive equipment to operate continuously.
This is the first station to be built deep within the continent. The average annual temperature there is about −49°C; it ranges from −28°C in December to −60°C in July.